Among the worms are large (more than 260 species) of parasitic forms, which belong to a flat and circular worm subtype.Parasite worms have long been known by helminths of scientific terms, in this case, parasitological branches, studying them, called helminthology.With the term "helminths", the word "worm", down from the Latin root, coincides with the meaning, which means "slippery".
Representatives of parasitic disease pathogens belong to the animal government.They are parasites in other living beings (growths, mushrooms, animals), and therefore science has arisen parasitology involved in the study of all parasitic organisms.This is a general parasitology, and helminthology has been distinguished from it, that is, the science that studies the disease caused by parasitic worms.
For the development of parasitic worms, the owner must be needed, which is the creature whose body is a fixed or temporary habitat and at the same time serves as a source of nutrition.The parasitic owner is divided into middle (in which helminth passes the larvae level) and the final (in it and only in it, the helmint is sexually mature, invasive).
It is not an organ and there is no one who is safe from the possibility of invasion by one or the other helminth, but this is when the parasite is in the human body.
Others are no less importantHelminest Properties, namely:
- For example, in ancient helminth, as ascaride, it is necessary to take into account its anti -enzyme action - antipepsin and antipsine that violate the digestive process.The volatile substances contained in the ascaride of the internal fluid cause a variety of toxic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasm and seizures, lacrimation and headache;
- Development stage (eggs, larvae, owner change);
- Sexual reproduction, where genetic information exchanges occur, and this is the highest stage of development, leading to increased heterogeneous population, that is, they become less exposed and reach, more difficult to "achieve" to them;
- a large period of individual life (years, and sometimes as many as parasitic owners, and this means Helminthias chronic course);
- The ability to suppress or modify the host immune response, that is, slowly, the state of immunodeficiency functions, and this is very unwanted, due to the ideal conditions for the penetration of any higher and often occurring pathogenic agents) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often)times) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often occur) and often) and often) "Draza" is hindered by a high immune system;
- The presence of one or helminth of a weak and unstable immune response, which means that there is no immunoprophylaxis method;
- largest distribution, many habitats (water, soil, air, plants, etc.);
- The ability of the eggs to survive in the external environment (years) for a long time.
These features allow one or the other to survive in "inhuman" conditions.
The world's helminthiasis incidents are very high: out of nearly 6 billion people living on the planet now, 4 billion are attacked by one or another type of helminthosis, and as many of them are "carriers" of some parasites at once, the picture will be more impressive.
Body reaction
A person with a strong compensation-adaptive reaction, immune system, various non-specific protective barriers and subject to helminth, cannot but respond to his presence, although almost asymptomatic helminthiasis courses are sometimes observed.But this is very rare, and most often the following can be identified:
- A variety of allergic toxic reactions, often skin.Moreover, if the cause of the reaction remains unlucky, and clinical manifestations occur, then, first of all, a thorough examination for the presence of helmintic aggression is required;
- Neuropsychiatric disorders.They are caused by helminthic invasion, where toxic substances are constantly included in the blood, maintaining certain levels of toxins, leading to irritation, emotional excitement, outbreaks of anger, loss of anger, loss of concentration, perseverance, rapid fatigue, and sleep disorders.The growing general weakness is characteristic.One of the patients, athletes, complained that he had "no strength to shake a friend's hand at a meeting";
- Dyspeptic syndrome: diverse, from old to real symptoms, including discomfort or abdominal pain, frequent localization and intensity, thunder, and bloating, and rupture in the stomach;and changes in appetite such as the direction of raising (one of the reasons for unreasonable doctors is "good appetite, this means I'm healthy"), and a significant decline in appetite, up to anorexia;These are impurities from constipation to diarrhea;This is the development of dysbiosis in multifactorial;
- Many helminths consume the blood of the owner, become hemophags, absorb vitamin B12 and interfere with the absorption of anti -immeric materials in the small intestine, damage the intestinal mucosa often and shall be shallow, but in large areas.All of this leads to chronic blood loss, and in some cases for the development of anemia (anemia).Here it is important to take into account the effects of toxins on the hematopoietic organs, which are also important in the development of anemia.With helminthiases, increased eosinophil content is often detected (leukocyte cells are actively involved in allergic reactions);
- The presence of helminthic invasion, subject to the development of anemia, especially in children, can lead to growth and physical decline, possibly by increasing appetite;
- In children, during planned vaccination, various toxic reactions post-vaccination are often observed;
- Helminthoses often trigger chronic disease problems, while the location of the helminth and the location of interested body can differ from localization in the body;
- Sometimes, in general, it is not so frequent, and perhaps the principle is triggered here that "unprofitable for any parasite to destroy the victim to the end, otherwise it will not be parasites, have been lost and residence and food overnight," but, but the situation that does not fit the owner's life has arisen.For example, with liver echinococcosis, brain finnosis.It should be noted that even though the pathogenic of helminths changes widely depending on the object of parasitism.For example, for someone, echinocok is very dangerous, and the cows have lived safely for years -the organs grow with the einococcal bubble that reached a few pounds of mass.
Parasite worm characterization
Helminths in the human body are not doubled, except for species such as cutter, dwarf tapeen.Helmint enters the body in the form of eggs or larvae.Direct infections of people affected by helminths do not occur, except for those who are kantigyes (gimonocepidosis, entorobiosis).
Infections by other helminthiases occur either through the soil (dirty hands - intestines - ascaridosis), or when the skin is contacted by soil (strungyloidosis) or water (schistosomosis), or during meals (shadowarnichosis, diphyllobotriosis).
In the body, helminths live in various organs and tissues: in the intestines - ascarides, pinworms, tape worms, tape;in the heart - echinococci, opistorchi;in the muscles - trichinella;In the lungs - paragonimus, in the blood - philles, schistosomes.
Foil of Olistorchus Filineus
Human or animal infections occur when eating raw or dried fish: yes, roach, bream.Bicondelog parasites in the liver and intestines of a person, dog, cat.Changes in the liver are characterized by yellow disease, hepatitis, bile formation, cirrhosis.For preventive purposes, it is not recommended to eat raw or cold fish.
Pulmonary Bicarry Paragoninus Westesterman
These biconds live in pairs in the lungs, in a cyst formed on the smallest bronchi.The owner is a man, a cat, a dog, a pig.
Infections occur when eating affected crabs or coral shrimp.Bicondelog penetrates the abdominal cavity, then through the diaphragm - into the lungs.The clinic is characterized by stubborn cough, especially in the morning, with rusty emissions, possibly with blood mixtures.When egg metastasis or parasite itself, liver, spleen, brain is affected.With damage to the clinic brain depends on the location of the parasite (syndrome, paralysis, seizures).
For preventive purposes, it is not recommended to eat raw crabs and coral shrimp.
Another class includes flat worms - this is a tape worm, which is then divided into tape and chain units.
Overlapping tape worms are residents of intestinal vertebrates.
Together with similar features that exist in strip worms, there are also significant differences between tape and tape worm.This is very important in the diagnostic plan, when it is necessary to identify parasites.
In the ribbon, the helmint - a large ribbon (latum is fitted) is released, causing a disease called diphyllobotriosis.The tape is wide - the giant helminth, reaching a length of 15 m.It is a slaughter parasite, living in a person's small intestine, dog, cat.
A person is infected when eating fried fish or inadequate salted fish (river - ruff, perch, burbot; lake - trout, gray) with live larvae.Infections often occur through fresh pike caviar, so many.Some lovers squeeze the caviar from the stomach directly into the mouth, and thus larvae can act, causing infection.
In the clinical picture of diphyllobotria, disorder disorders occur: discomfort and pain in the abdomen of unstable, nausea, nausea, sometimes vomiting, changes in appetite, unstable stools.It often develops, especially with long diseases, anemia (anemia).With dipillobotriosis, one of the main causes of anemia is vitamin B12 deficiency.
Helmint removes vitamin B12 and other nutrients, with a lot of sucking it with the entire surface of the body, which, like locks to the lock, approaches the boundaries with the intestines and, thus, enhances the suction surface.With the development of anemia, the number of red blood cells decreases, degenerative forms appear, including macrosite and megaloblas.This shows that with latent aggression, changes are still taking place, which in the future can lead to the appearance of malignant anemia with pale candles, skin, sharp weakness, tachycardia.
In the diagnosis of diphyllobotriasis, the clinical picture of the disease does not always allow the proper diagnosis, therefore, the method of coprovoscopy is very important here, which allows you to detect extensive tape eggs in the stool, which is released into the external environment 3 weeks after infection.
Eggs out with dog stools and attached to their fur.They can be listed in someone's mouth and swallowed if you attack an infected dog, and then take food with an unpredictable hand.The same thing can happen with a dog kiss.In the northern countries where dogs are the closest domestic animals for humans, echinococcosis in people is common.
The echinococcosis clinic is characterized by pain in the right hypochondrium, where tumor formation is determined by a smooth round surface and, when breathing, replacing the liver.As a complication of the disease, there is a cyst or cyst suppuration, a success in the bile path, accompanied by sharp pain, yellow, in cases of advanced liver, various abscesses can be formed, which causes death.
With lung echinococcosis, a single cyst occurs, located more often at the bottom of the right lung.In the early stages, the disease was often diagnosed by accident with the chest X -Ray examination.Over time, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain appears.It has been noted that the growth of the echinococcus cyst in the lungs is often not lower than the growth rate of malignant tumor.In the diagnosis of echinococcosis, the preferred methods are: radiological studies, ultrasonic, tomography, scanning, laparoscopy, serological methods.
For prevention, it is necessary to adhere to personal hygiene rules when taking care of dogs and taking care of them;Make sure you wash your hands after contact with the dog;Avoid dogs for one's food and their dishes;Limit the direct relationship of children and dogs.Dogs travel where -where are subject to catching.
Population sanitary education is important.
Dwarf chain - Nana's hymenolepis
The disease that causes it is called hymenolipidosis.Dwarf tapen can be ignored in size to a large ribbon and reaches only 1-4 cm.
It should be noted that the development of dwarf tape worms occurs in one owner, where the larvae level goes by from the beginning, and then sexually mature.Therefore, one in this case is the mid and last masters.
The main habitat of the tape worm is ileum, and usually the parasites of many individuals (there are cases of finding about one and a half thousand copies in the patient).
In clinical pictures, abdominal pain, weight loss, unstable stools, neuropsychiatric disorders (insomnia, seizures, epilepsy) occur.
This diagnosis is confirmed when the dwarf tape egg in the stool is confirmed, and the egg release is often not persistent, so, in the case of negative results, it is recommended to conduct a study 2-3 times a month.
Prevention: Dwarf parasites especially in children, therefore, in children's institutions where patients have been detected, it is necessary to examine all children and staff for the presence of this helminthic invasion.This also applies to family members.
Non -Dimeosis is widespread is a helminthic invasion such as ascariasis
The causative agent is a human worm.The ancient Russian name ascarids was a string.The folk language of this name, down from the word "string", accurately characterizes the flexibility and elasticity of the helminth body.Human infections occur when mature and invasive eggs with soil particles, when eating vegetables and berries that are not washed, infected fruits, sometimes when drinking water from open reservoirs.
The soldiides related to their "restless" helminths, their activities and mobility are a common cause of atypical localization.They can be introduced to the appendix, resulting in the development of acute appendicitis;into the liver and pancreas with the development of fever, colic liver, abscess, yellow disease, in cases of advanced - for liver breakdown;Trachey can reach the upper respiratory tract, causing asphyxia nasal and even eustachian pipes.Intestinal obstruction caused by ascaride tube, or due to intestinal reflex cramps, is not excluded, even in the presence of a single parasite.
This diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of eggs in stools, but keep in mind that soldier eggs are not present in bowel movements with the presence of immature or old women in the intestine, as well as during parasitation of some men, which are observed in 3.5 % of cases.Prevention: Vegetables and fruits before meals should be thoroughly washed and burning boiling water, it is not recommended to drink non -juicy water.
Another type of nematodosis is enterobiosis.The disease is caused by vermicularis cutter.
In addition to severe skin itching in the perianal region, irritation and brush lead to polymorphic dermatitis.It may be penetration of pinworms and larvae into the urogenital path, vagina in women.Functional changes in the intestine are characteristic: pain in the right iliac region, diarrhea, appetite, and nervous system disorders with headache, poor sleep, irritation, decreased performance.
In the diagnosis of enterobiosis, the fact that patients often note the release of pinworms is important.Pins in the intestine do not lay eggs, so they are extremely rare in bowel movement.The main diagnostic method is perianal binding in various modifications, the "sticky tape" method.
To prevent enterobiosis, it is necessary to sweep the children to bite, suck and lick their fingers.Nails should be cut briefly and follow their purity.It should often place rooms with wet cleaning and ventilation.Chairs, floor toilets and night pots are poured with boiling water.
The main method of treatment
- Pumpkin
- Male fern extract, pumpkin seeds, slorophen
- Walnut
- Wort St.John's hollow
- High devyasil
- 1 teaspoon.The dried rhims with crust insist for 8 hours in 1 cup of boiled boiled water, tension.Take 1/4 cup 4 times daily 20 minutes before meals.
- Boil 20 g of rhizome with root in 1 cup of water, insist for 4 hours, tension.Take 1 tbsp.L. 3-4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
- Carrot
- Scarring some root crops on the scars or through the meat grinder;Sweep the juice.Fresh juice before using a mixture with honey or sugar to taste.Take 1 tbsp.L. 2 times a day in the morning-on an empty stomach and in the evening 1-1-1.5 hours before meals.
- 3 tbsp.L. Boil the grated carrot in 1 cup of milk.Take the carrot slurry for 1 tbsp.L. 3-4 times a day before meals.
- Sagebrush
- Change
- Mary is anti -clad
- Birch is warty
- 1 teaspoon.Birch boy insisted 1 hour in 1/2 cup of boiling water, tension.Absorption is divided into 3 parts.Drink the whole part a day in 3 doses.
- Boil 5 g of birch buds for 15 minutes in 1 cup of water, insist for 1 hour, tension.Take 15--20 drops of water 2-3 times a day.
- Daisy
- Dandelion of medicine
- 1 teaspoon.Roots and dandelion herbs are injected for 1 hour in 1 cup of boiling water, tension.Take 1/4 cup 4 times daily 1/2 hour before meals.
- Dandelion root powder (take the dose placed at the end of the knife) with water 3 times daily 1/2 hours before meals.
- Mistletoe
- 1 teaspoon.Emphasize Omela in 1 cup of cold boiled water.Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day.
- Boil 30 g in 1 liter of water.Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
- Walnut Hazel
- Garlic sown
- Larch Siberia
- Male
- Timyan ordinary (park thyme)
- Pumpkin
- Ruby
The mechanism of action: Changing the activity of the parasite motor, causing the first relaxation, and then muscle contraction.At the same time, due to the retreat wave, the helminth was expelled.
Application method and dosage
Inside.They are used primarily in the presence of contraindications for the use of male fern extracts.2 days before treatment, cleaning enema is prescribed daily in the morning and laxated in the evening.On the day of treatment, on an empty stomach, they place the enema regardless of the presence of the chair.
Application method and dosage
Inside, children-0.25-0.5 g, adults-1.0--1.5 g;once a day.Conduct 5-7 daily treatment courses with 7 days.A month later, anti -day treatment -treatment days are prescribed.
Application method
3 teaspoons.Dry leaves insist in 2 cups boiling water for 20-30 minutes.Drink warm in some tricks like tea.
Application method
10 g of St.John dries in 1 cup of boiling water, insisting.Take 1 tablespoon 2-4 times a day after meals.
Application method
Application method
In medical practice, dried wormwood flowers are used.They are rubbed in mortar and taken in a mixture with sugar, jam, honey, 5 g "citvar seeds" (for adults) 3 times daily 1.5-2 hours before meals for 2 days;After the last reception at night, the laxity is set.
Side phenomena for overdose: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, suppression of respiratory and heart activity.
Basically, due to toxicity, it is used in adults, and not in children.Centers and essential oils have anthelmintic effects on nematodes, especially effective for ascaridosis and enrobiosis.For this purpose, dry flowers can be taken in powder form, in the form of infusion (1:10), as well as in the enema of the upper extract.And 1 tbsp.L. 3 times a day (with ascaridosis and enterobiosis).
Application method
1 teaspoon.The top of the anti -read Marie, together with the fruits, insist on 2 cups of boiling water, tension.Take 1 tbsp.L. 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
Boiling the kidneys has anthelmintic effect in circular worms.
Application method
Boils are used to expel small worms.
Application method
2 teaspoons.Give the herbs with the Niva flower basket for 4 hours in 1 cup of boiling water, tension.Take 1 tbsp.L. 3-4 times a day.To use stronger infusion for washing and lotion.
All parts of the plant have anthelmintic effect.
Application method
Omel has anthelmintic action (on round worms).
Application method
Walnut oil is taken inside as an anthelmutal agent for ascaride.
Warm garlic boils are used for anthelmintic enema.With pinworms, a piece of garlic is introduced into the anus, which kills parasites.
Turpentine is obtained from larch.In folk medicine, turpentine is used inside as a remedy for tape worms.
Rimpang has a very effective effect on ribbon worms.
Timols are derived from plant essential oils, which act on tape worms, paralyzing their muscles.
The seeds are purified with gray-green skin, disappear and mixed with water, eaten against tape worm (tape worm).
Application method
Pumpkin seeds take an empty stomach;Dosage for adults -150-200 g, children -50-100 g.
Adults are set to boil 500 g of non-listed seeds, children 10 years old from 300.0 g, 5-7 years from 200.0 g, up to 5 years-from 100--150.0.0 g.
The consistent purpose of pumpkin seeds in conventional doses and fern extracts in small doses (adults 2.5-3.0 g, children by age) increase the effectiveness of treatment.The fern extract is set an hour after taking the pumpkin seeds, and after taking the fern extract, laxatives are given.
Root skin and grenade branches have a strong paralysis on the tape worm.
Application method
1 teaspoon.Boil hard hatred (skin) of fruits or pomegranates in 1 cup of water, insist for 2 hours, tension.Take 1 tbsp.L. 3 times a day before meals.
It should start treatment as soon as possible.